The Conifers

Often the first step in identifying a tree species is to observe its silhouette. There are in fact many different shapes of trees. In general, conifers have a well-known silhouette that differs from that of broadleaf trees. Observe the conifers in your area and determine what silhouette they have. Are they sphere- or cone-shaped?

Needles also come in different shapes and lengths, and are very important in identifying conifer species. Furthermore, the way they are bundled together and their location on the twigs help distinguish different kinds of trees. Trees can often be correctly identified by observing their needles.

Cones, the fruit of conifers, contain the seeds for reproduction of the species. The trunk and branches are enveloped in a protective covering called bark. It serves the same function as skin does for humans. The fruit and bark are often used to help identify a tree.